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Radiological visualization methods of the cranium by children
BALABÁNOVÁ, Klára
In this bachelor work were examined the imaging methods of the children´s skull. The number of the skull injury move upwards with the rising age. There are different causes of the skull injury falling on the head, car accident, but it could be also an effect of the abuse. It depends on the doctor, which of the examination methods he chooses. All patients and especially children must have the radiation load as small as you can get it. The chosen examination method must bring high-quality result. Special approach to children, professionalism, thoroughness and patience are in the pediatric radiology necessary, because the cooperation with the children is sometimes very difficult. Knowledge of clinic pediatrics and special knowledge by some examinations are required, because children´s disease have another development as by adults. The goal of this work is to acquaint with the radiological visualization methods of skull, as for example X-ray, computational tomography, magnetic resonance and sonography. Particular visualization machines and methods were described in the work. One separate chapter was dedicated to particular X-ray projections. Sonography is more and more used, mainly in the group of small children, for example to post-natal examination of hips. CT is also more and more indicated because of its speed. CT and MR are very difficult for children and their parents, but also for staff. The children could be afraid of the tunnel construction of this machine. Because of the difficult cooperation with the children it is sometimes necessary to give them calming stuff or general anesthesia. There must be an approval for the examination from the parents or legal representative, when these stuffs are given or when different examination machines are used. In the work is also described the anatomy of the skull, there are also described the differences between children´s and adult skull, development of the skull and the sexual differences of the skull. The form of the children´s skull is different from the adult skull. The goal of the second part is to compare the number of examination from the year 2008 to 2013 depending on imaging modalities (RTG, CT, MR), age and sex. The next goal is the gaining of the total number of examination of children´s skull divided into different examination modalities. The goal was to find an answer to a question, whether special X-ray images are still indicated, also when CT is available and whether the number of indications that serve to examination of children by magnetic resonance rises. To answer this research question it was used the statistics from the radiological department of Klinikum Passau and it was made the analysis. The chapter "Results" contains graphs that are made from the available statistics. The graphs are described in this chapter. Some of the results are represented in tables. This chapter is connected with another chapter "Discussion", where the results from Klinikum Passau are compared with the results from two bachelor works and two articles in the journal Injury Prevention, poisoning and violence. The results show the all goals of the work were fulfilled and represented and the answer on both research questions is positive. Yes, the special X-ray images of the skull are still indicated, also when CT is available and the number of indications that serve to examination of children by magnetic resonance still rises. Interesting result was that the most frequent examination in Klinikum Passau in the radiological department was in the last years the examination by magnetic resonance with the contrasting stuff. The statistics was influenced by the fact that it was worked out just in radiological department. Children´s department is separate and has its own X-ray, so there are also X-ray images. This bachelor work can serve as an educational and additional material for students and the workers of this profession.
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